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1. Used for pre-procedure preparation in gastric, duodenal and colonic endoscopy, ERCP, and gastric/duodenal/colonic barium or air-contrast studies, or abdominal CT scans, to reduce or inhibit gastrointestinal motility.

2. Used for gastrointestinal spasm, biliary colic, renal colic or hypermotility from various causes.

1. For type 2 diabetes patients whose blood glucose is not adequately controlled by diet control and/or exercise therapy alone.

2. As second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes patients whose blood glucose is not adequately controlled on sulfonylurea or metformin monotherapy.

Antiviral. Used for viral pneumonia and bronchitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus.

For dyspepsia, bloating, belching, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension/pain.

Bronchial asthma, chronic asthmatic bronchitis and dyspnea caused by other forms of bronchospasm.

For gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, stress ulcer, reflux esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

For short-term relief of heartburn and acid regurgitation caused by excess stomach acid.

Peripheral arterial disease (intermittent claudication or rest pain); inner-ear circulatory disorders.

For occlusive syndrome, thrombophlebitis, capillary bleeding and similar conditions.

For treatment of essential hypertension.

For the prevention and treatment of cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and surgical complications such as thrombophlebitis.

Mainly used for bleeding caused by excessive primary fibrinolysis, including acute and chronic, localized or systemic hyperfibrinolytic bleeding — commonly seen in cancer, leukemia, obstetric/gynecologic emergencies and severe liver disease.

Mainly used to prevent and treat pellagra from niacin deficiency, coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, rheumatic myocarditis and arrhythmias associated with mild digitalis toxicity; helps prevent cardiac conduction block.

For angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. Helps relieve palpitation, breathlessness and chest tightness in rheumatic heart disease. May improve chemotherapy efficacy in acute leukemia and aid induction of remission. Also shows some benefit in chronic bronchitis in the elderly, various forms of hepatitis and psoriasis.

For heart failure, myocarditis, sick sinus syndrome, coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathy; also used as adjunctive therapy for arrhythmia.

A local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic. Mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, topical anesthesia (including mucosal anesthesia during thoracoscopy or abdominal surgery) and nerve block. Also used for ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia after acute myocardial infarction, and for digitalis toxicity, and ventricular arrhythmias from cardiac surgery or catheterization. Generally ineffective for supraventricular arrhythmias.

For ischemic cerebrovascular disease (e.g. cerebral insufficiency, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism).

For treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.

For disturbance of consciousness following acute head injury and brain surgery.

1. Chronic gastritis.

2. Acid-related gastric discomfort such as stomach pain, heartburn, acid eructation and bloating.

1. Acute otitis media and acute tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

2. Sinusitis, otitis media, acute bronchitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by susceptible bacteria.

3. Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

4. Urethritis and cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and non-multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

5. Skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible bacteria.